Muscles

Do you want to be a muscle man? Buff, strong, attract the ladies ;) I'm sure you do. First, you have to know how to get it. You know that old myth that working out builds muscle? That's not entirely true. Working out technically reduces muscle mass. This is, on the alternative, helpful to gaining muscle. As long as you work out, and eat enough protein, your muscle mass will sky-rocket. If you eat at least as many grams of protein as you have body weight in pounds, you'll be set for that day. For instance, say you weigh 130 lbs. Eat 130 g of protein a day. Would you like to understand it? Here's how:
Protein is made up of amino acids. Amino acids are amino-carboxyl. Amino is NH(2) and Carboxyl is COOH. Amino-carboxyl is N2CO2H3. A protein molecule is about 1000 of these, so protein is a pretty big molecule, with no specific formula. Protein is then broken down in your body, and you excrete what is un-needed, and your muscles and fat content take the rest!

Soap

Do you like soap? I hope so! I don't want to stand next to someone who smells of B.O.! Yuck! "But soap is so expensive!" Well soap can be made! I've done it, and I can actually say, unlike all those mean narrators for the "dangerous" shows, please try this at home! (With proper care and knowledge, yes I do have to be sure you're safe.) Here's what you'll need:
7 oz. olive oil or lard, or something of the sort (fat or oil basically)
14 oz. water (there's really nothing like water, so don't use anything in place of water...)
7 oz. lye (No I don't mean lie to your enemies, or lye in bed, I mean the chemical lye.)

Now what you need to do, is mix the lye and the water. Be sure you pour the lye into the water, NOT the other way around. Be careful! This will immediately get hot! (That's chemistry for ya!) You see, the lye mixing with the water breaks up the molecules in lye. Lye is NaOH. Mixing water and lye turns the lye into Na- OH +! This will heat the mixture to approx. 215 degrees. Let it cool down to 110. Then, heat the oil/lard/something of the sort to 110 degrees too. Now you need to mix the two together. Don't shake, but mix it well! (shaking it would get it all over you, and you be burn up! Not a good idea!) Now, let it sit in a mold for a couple days. This lets it harden. Now, you cut it into the shapes and sizes YOU want it! That's right, you get to choose! Now, you have to wait...for 3-4 WEEKS!!! BOO!!! I know, it's a long time, but hey, it's well worth the wait! And now, you can smell nice and fresh! Next time, if you want artificial smell, you can add...well...artificial scent liquids! :) Enjoy your soap!

How to make cheese.

Cheese is

Ingredients:

1 gallon 2% milk

1/2 cup vinegar

1 tsp salts

1. heat the milk to 190F. You will need a thermometer.

2. Add the vinegar and allow the mixture to cool.

3. When cool, pour the mixture, (which now consists of curds and whey as in Miss Muffet food) into a colander and drain off the whey.

4. Pour the curds into a bowl and sprinkle on the salt and mix well. You may wish to use less salt or more. It is simply a matter of taste which is the next step. You can add a little cream for a silky texture.

Cheese is a major part of the dairy industry. Processed cheese may have the ability to make somebody sick but there is a way to make cheese in your own home. If it is done correctly, it can turn out to be a very fun and maybe tasty project.

home made nuclear reactor

source: http://www.thelocal.se/35306/20110802/

Well, some swede built a nuclear reactor. that's pretty much it. he called the cops asking if it was legal and they just came and said "NOPE!' and took it away.

as technology advances, more power can be accesed with less effort, and this may perhaps lead to terrorists getting their hands on nuclear weapons, which isn't fun for anybody. Although this also shows that with technology rapidly advancing, soon we could all have our own personal nuclear reactor in the basement. Yet still no sign of the hover board we were promised in back to the future part 2.

Deodorant Manufacturing Process

Resource: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Antiperspirant-Deodorant-Stick.html

The first step is called batching. All the ingredients are added into a large jacketed steel kettle which steam heat is added to. The temperature is carefully controlled to not scorch the waxy ingredients. It is then blended until it is uniform. The sticks are then put onto a conveyor belt where the molten product is poured in. The molten product goes in smoothly because it is right above it's congealing temperature. It then goes through finishing operations. Firstly, it is made sure it is smooth and free from trapped pockets of air. It usually involves heating the tops of the stick slightly. A probe is then inserted to let all air out, and it is remelted afterward. The deodorant is then put through a low temperature where the stick will solidify quickly. The deodorant is put through cleaning procedures and shipped.

I found this step by step telling of deodorant manufacturing very informative, but it didn't explain some key terms. It was an overall good source of information though. Deodorant is used daily in our lives, especially if you want all the women, or at least Axe says that. It helps to keep us from sweating and smelling like some kind of old cheese. I think the process in how it is made is important to the point that we know how to do it and effectively. By the way, Axe kicks butt. That would've rhymed.

methanol

METHANOL! It is cool sometimes and not cool other times. It is used for race car fuel. AWESOME! Race cars are fast, and going fast is cool, and methanol helps make race cars go so fast. Now to the not so fun part. Their flames are invisible, so if you catch fire do to methanol, this is pretty much what's going through your head: "O MY GOD IM ON FIRE!!! WAIT! THERE'S NOTHING THERE! HOW DOES THAT EVEN WORK!! WHAT IS WRONG WITH ME!!" then someone comes over and they catch fire too and to some random person in the audience it looks like they all have dance fever and it's super contagious.

Really, the only effect this will have on the world is fast cars, which is AWESOME, and people who are on fire but the fire is invisible. What i dont get is why haven't the army looked into this for some weapons or something?

Kraft makes recall

In septemper 30 of 2011, the company of Kraft made a recall of three types of its Velveeta shells and cheese microwavable cups because they may have thin wire bristles might have been in the cup. A total of 137,000 products were said to have beenaffected and shipped as a result. the affected products include: (This next part was copyed and pasted since it would be too time consuming to write it all out) the 2.39 ounce Velveeta Shells & Cheese original microwaveable cups with a best-when-used-by date of May 16, 2012 and UPC(Universal Product Code) 2100002322; Velveeta Shells & Cheese original four-pack microwaveable 2.39-ounce cups that have best-when-used-by dates of April 24, 2012 to May 16, 2012 and a UPC of 2100002339; the 2.19-ounce Velveeta Shells & Cheese made with 2% milk microwaveable cups with best-when-used-by dates of March 25, 2012 to March 30, 2012 and UPC of 2100002323; Velveeta Shells & Cheese made with 2% milk four-pack 2.19-ounce microwaveable cups with best-when-used-by dates of March 29, 2012 to April 12, 2012 and UPC 2100002946; and 2.44-ounce Velveeta Rotini & Cheese Broccoli microwaveable cups with best-when-used-by dates of April 29, 2012 to May 14, 2012 and UPC of 2100002318.

Factorie recalls can be a major setback to a companies welfare, no injuries or complaints were recorded as this was made last year but it is still a major setback on their part.

reference: http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9Q30HQG2.htm

Soda

We're always told that soda is terrible for you. But, when you take that first sip the taste is a bang of goodness (esp. root beer in my case). We know of most of the types of soda, and the bigger brands. Like A&W, Mug, and Barq's root beer; Dr. Pepper, Coca Cola, and Pepsi's cola drinks; Fanta's fruit drinks, the list goes on. Even though they all taste great, they are actually terrible for you. Considering the caffeine, sugar, and in sugar free drinks-the artificial sweetener. For instance, the nutrition facts on caffeinated Coca Cola: Serving size 1 can (think of how many coke's you drink in a day, or week, etc.). 140 Calories, 45 mg Sodium, 39 g carbs, and, prepare yourself, 39 g of sugar. That's the equivalent to 10 teaspoons of sugar, or 20 sugar cubes. Imagine eating 20 sugar cubes raw. For those of you thinking, "that's gross! Diet it is!" I'm telling you, DON'T DO IT!!! Diet soda is worse for your body than normal soda. It may have 0 calories and 0 sugars, but it has artificial sweeteners, which, at least, SCREW YOU UP. So, to sum it all up, soda may taste good, but would you rather happy taste buds, or happy body/stomach/you? The choice is ultimately yours.

APPLES:D -I like 'em(:

Reference: http://www.humantouchofchemistry.com/why-do-cut-apples-turn-brown.htm

You take out an apple to consume a nummy-yummy treat that is good for your health as well, then when you a) take a bite or b) cut it up, it turns brown! Your apple has done been rusting. :/ Well, considering we know that when a color change appears it means it is having a chemical reaction! However, we come to wonder, why does this happen?! I'm not everyone, but I prefer my apple an apple color and not an unappetizing brown.
Apples are filled with their buddy iron, it is in all their cells. Then you like to injure their cells by breaking them with your knife or teeth. After that, oxygen fills into the broken cells from the air and makes this thing called iron oxides. Clearly, it causes the brown colorization. There is an enzyme entitled polyphenol oxidase, which is present in the cells that get broken leading to the color reaction to be faster. When you cut the brown part of the apple in half once more, you will gather the fact that the inside of the second cut part is still the shade of white due to they were still intact and said no oxygen you are not allowed in.
This article is helpful because we can learn how to maintain our apples perfectly delicious white exterior beneath the skin (despite the fact the brown doesn't even affect the taste, it just looks flat out gross). You can slow or stop the oxidation color change process in six different ways. Making apple juice, yum<3. Cut and then place them under water, which will in turn block the air from reaching the iron. Rub some lemon juice on your apple!!!! That will look kinda' funny and stop the polyphenol oxidase from working. Want to make some pie?? What flavor? Apple. Yes, place your apple slices in boiling water for a few and you've blanched the apple making the browning enzyme to come to a halt. You could also place some salt that will stop the enzyme. You could also place them in an airtight jar.
Personally, I believe the article was well written and easy to understand. It released simple in-tell about the oxidation process of apples that turn it brown.

we found the millennium falcon.

source http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/28/world/europe/swedish-shipwreck-hunters/index.html

Okay, the title is a little misleading, but possible. Recently a group of treasure hunters found a object in the water. it is the size of a jumbo jet, and if it doesn't look like the millennium falcon to you, get your eyes checked. As you can see above, Han Solo found earth.

If this is infact some sort of alien ship, we could be able to do the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs! I'm sorry, i couldn't resist. while this may not be a space ship, its the size of a jumbo jet; WHAT ELSE COULD IT BE?!

Teen Angst

We've all experienced it at one point or another in our lives, usually during the teen years. Teen angst. An epidemic caused by teen hormones, and stress for whatever reason. Some teens can have this angst more harsh than others. Those who do are very well known for commiting suicide. Angst doesn't have to be only among teens either. It is, not as commonly found but, still found, among adults, typically during the 40's. This is also known as the mid-life crisis.

Sugar

Sugar has some odd aspects to it. For instance, if you put a flame straight to it, it will not burn. however, dissolve it in water, burn off the water (through boiling), it will become elemental Carbon (very gross by the way). Why does it do this? Sugar, in cube form, will not light unless given enough heat. This is because of the density of the cube. Put ash on it, it will light very easily. The ash acts as a catalyst to the sugar. Powdered sugar however, is very easy to light, as it is much less dense. Sugar mixed with water is very sweet. Possibly too sweet for my tastes. The interesting thing, when you boil off that water, the sugar becomes Carbon. Why? This is because the hydrogen and oxygen atoms bond (creating water, which is being burned off) leaving carbon. When the water is burned off, you get a black, brittle substance, which is elemental carbon. I do not recommed eating it. It is not toxic at all, but it is really quite gross to taste.

Home-made volcano!

Everyone should know how to make a home-made volcano. But, if you don't, here's how. Get a funnel, put some baking powder in it, and then some vinegar. Whooosh! (Be sure you have cleaning supplies ready, because it will make a mess) Now to the boring part. How it works! Baking soda's chemical formula is NaHCO3, and vinegar's chemical formula is CH3COOH. What happens, is the CO2, H2O and carbonic acid are left behind. The CO2 comes up in air form, the H2O comes up in water form, and the carbonic acid is left there.

Metals and Metallic Bonds

Resource: http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch104-08/metallic.htm

We all interact with metals everyday. Metals are a majority of the elements found on the periodic table. Metals are useful for the industrial part of our lives. Also, they make up most of our building foundations and to even our food utensils. Thee properties of metals are usually ductile and malleable. They are also very good at conducting heat and electricity. Metals can be made to alloys as well. With all these things metals can do, how can they really do them? The bonds that hold them together is a great benefactor to this. The electrons are loosely held together which make it almost an ocean of electrons. The heat and electricity pass through metals fairly easy because of their ocean like structure. Also, the hold between the atoms are loose but capable of staying together. This explains the ductile and malleable capabilities of metals. Alloys are a combination of a metal and some other element or elements. One of the ways the alloy is made up is a substitution alloy. It substitutes the other element for places in the original metal, but it will stay about the same structure. Another type is called interstitial alloy. It is when the atoms other than the metal is much smaller and fit in between the holes of the structure of the metal.

Metals are important to human life on earth. We use our metals for most things industrial and others for our common use. Some of the first presumed elements to be found by man were metals. The more we learn about our necessary element, it will help us create new alloys in the future, and it will benefit mankind for the better.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. You may be thinking, "ugh, big words...really?" But photosynthesis (PS for short, as it is truly a big word) is actually a very interesting topic. Did you know that trees and plants give off oxygen? This is because of PS. 6CO2+12H2O + light = C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O That's photosynthesis. The 6CO2 is Carbon dioxide (obtained through the air by humans who breathe out CO2). You all know what H2O is (water if you really dont). What's left is sugar (C6H12O6), Oxygen (6O2) and water. So without plants, we wouldn't exist, and vice versa.

Alcohol

Ever wonder why alcohol is flammable? The thought emerged in my mind today during our experiment. Alcohol's chemical formula is C2H6O. Part of this is hydrocarbons, which, when broken off due to an outer source (fire), creates heat. Heat is put off because energy is excreted. When energy is excreted, any extra energy takes the form of heat.